Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas is an internist and endocrinologist, PhD in Medical Research, and Postdoctoral Fellow of the Washington University (1992-1994). He is currently a Medical Sciences Researcher and Director of Research at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ). He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Medicine and former President of the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology. He has published 597 articles in scientific journals; his h-index is 115. His contributions focus on the characteristics of metabolic diseases in Mexicans.

He has received several awards and distinctions, including the 2018 National Science Prize. He is a member of El Colegio Nacional, an institution comprised by Mexico's most distinguished academics.